Pulse convention

For each operation choose a real smooth compactly supported pulse $g(t)$, with prescribed area

An interaction $g(t)G$, with fixed self-adjoint matrix $G$, has exact evolution $e^{-\mathrm{i}\alpha G}$. The operation intervals are disjoint unless explicitly stated to commute.

A normalized smooth pulse can be rescaled to any finite duration. For each chosen duration its amplitude and all its derivatives are finite. No universal hardware bandwidth is assumed.