Readout, approximation, and inference

The deferred theorem excludes intermediate access to $R,S,A$. Gravitating records or record-dependent geometry require a larger instrument and controller interface.

Approximation needs a topology, stability constants, and branch control. Sampling needs a complete attempted-run law and independent units. Neither establishes the observation boundary from an empirical score alone. Quantum residual certification requires residual observables or a justified instrument model, not merely population agreement.