Manuscript Oai265-A@2 · Oai265-A.tex · proposition · c0a34a45

Proposition: A unit gap above a degenerate ground space permits volume-law ground vectors

Stage 4: hypothesis tests on explicit models › Uniqueness cannot simply be deleted · lines 981–1010 · proof included or linked

Oai265-A@2#prop:degenerate

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There are qubit Hamiltonians on even open squares with , , and gap one above the ground space, containing ground vectors with

Thus the extension to every vector of an unrestricted degenerate ground space is false.

Proof. Let be the left half of the square. Pin one site with

The spectrum is , with a highly degenerate ground space.

Choose disjoint pairs joining distinct sites of to distinct sites of . Put a Bell pair on each pair, and put on the two unpaired sites, including . This is a ground vector. Each Bell pair contributes across the vertical cut.

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