Manuscript X-E@1 · X-E.tex · 293fae6a
Landmark X-E A specified gravitational action for the ramp relational scalar, and the first graviton tree
Specifies a gravitational action and the first matter-induced metric tree. A kappa-squared truncation defect is nonzero for suitable free inputs of that one-tree expression. Not an all-tree identity. No compilation is asserted.
Front matter
abstractAbstractFront matter · lines 153–195
Open as its own pageWe freeze one gravitational action, one gauge condition, and one quadratic graviton operator for the ramp relational scalar of Landmarks X-A to X-D, in signature , at fixed regulator width.
The action is the Einstein–Hilbert density, , with the sign fixed by positivity of the transverse-traceless kinetic term and confirmed by Newtonian attraction. Its first variation is derived from the Palatini identity. The metric Euler equation is displayed with every switch factor, and the Noether identity of the total action is proved with its explicit switch defect. On the plateau algebra the total Lagrangian is exactly invariant, so the metric Euler operator is covariant and the classical identity of X-A to X-C holds through on the coupled constraint surface. That surface is generically empty: the Bianchi identity forces .
The gauge-fixed operator is with retarded inverse , the trace reversal. Its residual gauge algebra meets the compactly supported plateau algebra only in zero, so the frozen algebra acts on classical backgrounds alone.
One tree is constructed: the metric variation of the switched scalar density, propagated by and inserted into the affine slot of the completed observable. It is a totally Wick-ordered cubic in the scalar, supported in , microcausally admitted, and normalized by the classical retarded response, whose relational dressing is . The one-tree observable is invariant under the frozen algebra through . At , the background variation with the graviton held fixed equals modulo the equation ideals, and this class is nonzero.
The gravitational self-interaction tree, the mixed one-loop term, the second-order quantum metric, and VII-C's word are named and not constructed. The regulator is not removed.
- figureA further ending is not a relabelingFront matter · X-E@1#fig:scope-X-E · lines 197–210Inherited ramp data→This ending→A renamed earlier theoremThe ending is not a relabeling of X-A through X-D.
A further ending is not a relabeling. The three boxes name objects this manuscript keeps separate. The dashed box is the stated stop. Not a proof, and not an admission of a quantum coefficient.
- figureA further ending is not a relabelingFront matter · X-E@1#fig:split-X-E · lines 212–223Inherited ramp dataA renamed earlier theoremThe ending is not a relabeling of X-A through X-D.
A further ending is not a relabeling. The boxes name objects this manuscript keeps separate. The dashed box is the stated stop. Not a proof, and not an admission of a quantum coefficient.
- figureReading downward is not a transferFront matter · X-E@1#fig:chain-X-E · lines 225–238Inherited ramp data↓This ending↓A renamed earlier theoremThe ending is not a relabeling of X-A through X-D.
Reading downward is not a transfer. The boxes name objects this manuscript keeps separate. The dashed box is the stated stop. Not a proof, and not an admission of a quantum coefficient.
- figureInherited ramp data is not A renamed earlier theoremFront matter · X-E@1#fig:pair-X-E · lines 240–253Inherited ramp datanot the same objectA renamed earlier theoremThis ending. The ending is not a relabeling of X-A through X-D.
Inherited ramp data is not A renamed earlier theorem. The boxes name objects this manuscript keeps separate. The dashed box is the stated stop. Not a proof, and not an admission of a quantum coefficient.
- figureThree statuses stay separateFront matter · X-E@1#fig:gate-X-E · lines 255–268Named: Inherited ramp data→Used here: This ending→Not claimed: A renamed earlier theoremThe ending is not a relabeling of X-A through X-D.
Three statuses stay separate. The boxes name objects this manuscript keeps separate. The dashed box is the stated stop. Not a proof, and not an admission of a quantum coefficient.
sectionFront matterFront matter · lines 268–278
Open as its own pageFigure fig:split-X-E records one view of the same separation. Figure fig:chain-X-E records one view of the same separation. Figure fig:pair-X-E records one view of the same separation. Figure fig:gate-X-E records one view of the same separation. The drawings add no hypothesis.
Figure fig:scope-X-E records that separation. The drawing adds no hypothesis.
Release and the three endings
scopeRelease: Constructed, at fixed regulator and fixed input, with a stated order boundaryRelease and the three endings · lines 283–312
Open as its own page: Constructed, at fixed regulator and fixed input, with a stated order boundary{ Frozen: ; de Donder gauge fixing for the quantum graviton; ; .
Proved. E1: the metric Euler equation (eq:metric-euler)–(eq:metric-euler-expanded) and the Noether identity (eq:noether) with its switch defect. E2: exact -invariance of the total Lagrangian, covariance of the metric Euler operator, the classical identity through on the coupled constraint surface, and the Bianchi obstruction (eq:bianchi-constraint). E3: the operator, its retarded inverse, the projector, and the residual algebra. E4: one tree , Definition def:tree; kernel, support, admission, normalization. The one-tree observable is invariant on through . Its background variation with fixed is modulo the ideals, Theorem thm:ward; this class is nonzero, Proposition prop:witness. E5: no loop, no , no subtraction.
Not opened: the self-interaction tree, the mixed loop, a second-order quantum metric, ghosts, gauge-parameter dependence, , X-Enter.}
sectionRelease and the three endingsRelease and the three endings · lines 312–338
Open as its own pageThree endings are available:
Constructed. The action, gauge fixing, and one tree are named, and the completed observable transforms correctly on the frozen algebra through the frozen order.
Proved obstructed. The gauge identity acquires a nonzero defect on that algebra at the frozen order, or the tree kernel leaves the declared domain.
Unresolved. The action, the gauge condition, or the propagator is unnamed.
The ending reached is (1) for the gates as frozen in Section sec:frozen: classical identity through , quantum-metric background identity through , one tree at . The quantum-metric identity is not frozen; its defect is displayed. A sheet that froze that identity on this field content would reach ending (2) with Proposition prop:witness as the witness. The defect is not removed by shrinking the algebra.
A missing object is recorded as missing, not as a no-go. Nothing in this manuscript depends on a state for the graviton.
Frozen sheet
sectionFrozen sheetFrozen sheet · lines 340–351
Open as its own pageThe coordinate prescription, density coefficients, and complete two-jet gauge law are copied from
X-A.texXA; the bare tests, multiplet Wick algebra, and fixed-regulator admission fromX-B-v3.texXB; the completed tests, recursion, and fixed-regulator identity fromX-C-v3.texXC; the separation sheet and explicit equation-ideal representatives fromX-D-v3.texXD. Their proofs are not repeated.sectionGeometry, supports, regulatorFrozen sheet › Geometry, supports, regulator · X-E@1#eq:separation · lines 352–377
Open as its own pageIndices are moved with unless is written. are the Klein–Gordon Green operators, the massless ones; . Write , .
Fix , , a relatively compact plateau with , , and with
Fix once and for all. The ramp is X-D's, flat at both ends. is the group generated formally by , ; every equals the identity outside a compact subset of .
sectionMetric, density coefficients, coordinates, testsFrozen sheet › Metric, density coefficients, coordinates, tests · X-E@1#eq:density, X-E@1#eq:coordinate-equations, X-E@1#eq:completed · lines 378–430
Open as its own pageWith ,
so that and .
The ramp coordinates have zero Cauchy data at and solve
For sources vanishing on this agrees with retarded propagation, . The bare tests , , the Euler coefficients
and the completed tests
are X-D's, at the fixed . The completed scalar-only observable is . We write
lemmaLemma: Affine slotFrozen sheet › Metric, density coefficients, coordinates, tests · X-E@1#lem:affine · proof attached · lines 431–451
Open as its own pageis linear in . There is a symmetric bilinear with
Proof. and are linear in with coefficients , ; so . By (eq:coordinate-equations) and the zero data, . In , , the only -dependence is . Collecting the -linear terms of (eq:completed) gives . The remainder is quadratic in ; polarize.
sectionThe sheetFrozen sheet › The sheet · lines 453–495
Open as its own page{}1.12
Item Declaration Signature . VII-C's opposite signature is comparison only. Scalar The same switched density , same , same ramp, fixed . Gravity Einstein–Hilbert, , conventions of Section sec:E1. Sign fixed by Diagnostic diag:sign. Quadratic part derived in Lemma lem:quadratic. Gauge De Donder, , , Feynman weight , for the quantum graviton only. Classical backgrounds remain unconstrained. Algebra The same . It acts on the classical backgrounds by the complete two-jet law; Proposition prop:residual shows it cannot act on the gauge-fixed graviton. Field content free Klein–Gordon; free gauge-fixed graviton; classical, off shell. No second-order quantum metric, no ghosts. Order Classical identity through . One tree at , the first order at which propagates. Quantum-metric background identity through ; the defect is displayed. Coordinates X-A's ramp operator (eq:coordinate-equations). Not replaced by the metric equation. Not opened Ghost loops; the word ; a triangle subtraction; X-Enter; for any kernel; the self-interaction tree; the mixed loop; gauge-parameter dependence.
Non-inputs
sectionNon-inputsNon-inputs · lines 497–516
Open as its own pageThe ramp kernel of X-A is not VII-C's ; no identification is made. No cone, token, or Enter record is an output. The new propagator is used at fixed only; its sharp limit is not taken. X-D's convergence theorem concerns smooth scalar tests at classical backgrounds; it is not admission of a mixed graviton–scalar kernel, and is not used as such.
VII-C VIIC is audited in Section sec:E5. Its assumptions are copied, not inferred.
A gravitational state is not an input. Every statement of this paper at order uses only the retarded inverse ; the Hadamard bidistribution named in Section sec:algebra enters only the definition of Wick ordering of graviton-quadratic bare terms and no computed quantity.
E1: the gravitational action and the metric Euler equation
sectionConventionsE1: the gravitational action and the metric Euler equation › Conventions · lines 521–545
Open as its own pageFor a Lorentzian metric of signature ,
Under the Christoffel symbols, , , and are unchanged; and change sign. Signs therefore cannot be copied across signatures and are fixed below by a positivity check.
definitionDefinition: Gravitational actionE1: the gravitational action and the metric Euler equation › Conventions · X-E@1#def:action · lines 546–565
Open as its own pagewith . Both actions are Lagrangian densities; their Euler–Lagrange derivatives are defined through compactly supported variations, and no decay of is assumed. is formal. The dictionary is used in Diagnostic diag:sign only.
lemmaLemma: Palatini form of the first variationE1: the gravitational action and the metric Euler equation › First variation, derived · X-E@1#lem:palatini, X-E@1#eq:palatini · proof attached · lines 569–609
Open as its own pageFor a smooth compactly supported variation ,
Consequently
Proof. is a tensor. Both sides of are tensors, and the identity holds in normal coordinates at any point, where and . Contracting, , so and . With and ,
The chain rule gives the remaining formulas.
sectionExpansion through second order in q-ηE1: the gravitational action and the metric Euler equation › Expansion through second order in q-η · X-E@1#eq:G2, X-E@1#eq:G-expansion · lines 611–663
Open as its own pageSet with
Then
and, raising with ,
The linearized Bianchi identity holds for every smooth , by direct computation from (eq:G2). No later proof uses the explicit form of or of any higher coefficient; they are displayed so that (eq:metric-euler-expanded) is a definite equation.
sectionMatter variation and the vertex identityE1: the gravitational action and the metric Euler equation › Matter variation and the vertex identity · X-E@1#eq:stress, X-E@1#eq:matter-variation, X-E@1#eq:T1, X-E@1#eq:T-divergence · lines 664–702
Open as its own pageWith
one has (no enters ), hence
The flat stress tensor obeys
lemmaLemma: Vertex identityE1: the gravitational action and the metric Euler equation › Matter variation and the vertex identity · X-E@1#lem:vertex · proof attached · lines 703–722
Open as its own pageX-A's first-order switched vertex is the metric variation of the switched density:
so and .
Proof. by (eq:density). The -derivative is X-C's Hessian ledger , extended here to the mixed block.
definitionDefinition: Metric Euler operatorE1: the gravitational action and the metric Euler equation › The metric Euler equation · X-E@1#def:metric-euler, X-E@1#eq:metric-euler, X-E@1#eq:metric-euler-expanded · lines 726–751
Open as its own pageThe metric equation is ; the -equation is the same equation. Expanded,
where is the cubic coefficient of the closed form, defined by Lemma lem:palatini and the conventions above.
sectionThe metric Euler equationE1: the gravitational action and the metric Euler equation › The metric Euler equation · lines 751–759
Open as its own pageThe switch multiplies the matter source and nothing else; does not appear in . It appears in the divergence of , which is the content of E1's identity. The scalar Euler operator is X-A's switched operator, with .
propositionProposition: Noether identity with switch defectE1: the gravitational action and the metric Euler equation › The metric Euler equation · X-E@1#prop:noether, X-E@1#eq:noether · proof attached · lines 760–821
Open as its own pageLet , a symmetric tensor density, and the Levi-Civita connection of . For all smooth , pointwise on ,
On the plateau the right side is . The gravitational action contributes nothing to the right side.
Proof. Let and vary , , with held fixed.
Direct computation. is a natural density, so and . Likewise , so . For the flat term, write naturality of at :
The bracket is , and , . Hence , and
Euler–Lagrange form. , and for a symmetric tensor density , by , one integration by parts, and .
Comparison. Integrate the last term of the direct computation by parts, use (eq:T-divergence), and equate coefficients of the arbitrary .
remarkRemarkE1: the gravitational action and the metric Euler equation › The metric Euler equation · lines 823–829
Open as its own pageThe tensor is the same tensor that controls the varied-action defect of X-A's Route II off the plateau. Proposition prop:noether is its Bianchi form: it measures the failure of the switched matter source to be conserved, and it is independent of any gauge parameter and of .
E2: classical identity
lemmaLemma: Exact plateau invariance of the total LagrangianE2: classical identity › Route II rerun: the varied total action · X-E@1#lem:invariance · proof attached · lines 838–863
Open as its own pageLet , and let . For all smooth , the density is supported in a compact subset of and integrates to zero.
Proof. is the identity outside a compact , and . Outside all pulled-back fields and their derivatives coincide with the originals, which gives the support statement.
and are natural: as densities. Hence for , since is a diffeomorphism of onto itself, and for , since : on both sides equal , and off . Finally , where with all derivatives; so the term is unchanged pointwise.
propositionProposition: Covariance of the Euler operators on the plateauE2: classical identity › Route II rerun: the varied total action · X-E@1#prop:covariance · proof attached · lines 865–887
Open as its own pageFor and all smooth ,
as a contravariant symmetric tensor density and a scalar density.
Proof. Apply Lemma lem:invariance to with compactly supported and differentiate at :
Change variables by on the left; the pairing of a tensor density with a tensor is invariant. Since are arbitrary, the densities agree.
sectionRoute II rerun: the varied total actionE2: classical identity › Route II rerun: the varied total action · lines 887–893
Open as its own pageThis is X-A's plateau covariance lemma for the scalar Euler operator, rerun with the gravitational term and extended to the metric Euler operator. The gravitational term contributes no new defect: Lemma lem:invariance is exact, not an inheritance.
definitionDefinition: Coupled constraint surfaceE2: classical identity › The classical identity on the coupled constraint surface · lines 896–902
Open as its own pageis the set of formal triples , , with and through in (eq:metric-euler-expanded), with the ramp coordinates (eq:coordinate-equations) unchanged.
theoremTheorem: Classical identity through κ 2E2: classical identity › The classical identity on the coupled constraint surface · X-E@1#thm:classical · proof attached · lines 904–930
Open as its own pageis -invariant: if and is the complete two-jet transform , , , with , then .
X-A's relational scalar and X-C's completed classical observable are -invariant through for all smooth , in particular on . The gravitational action enters neither object.
The varied-action identity of X-A's Route II holds for the total action with zero defect on the plateau. Off the plateau the defect is the right side of (eq:noether), recorded for all , on or off .
Proof. (i) is Proposition prop:covariance: is invertible order by order and maps zero to zero. (ii) is X-A (iv) and X-C's fixed-regulator identity, both proved off shell in the metric; X-D's Corollary on the fixed algebra gives the explicit equation-ideal representatives. (iii) is Lemma lem:invariance together with Proposition prop:noether.
sectionThe classical identity on the coupled constraint surfaceE2: classical identity › The classical identity on the coupled constraint surface · lines 930–935
Open as its own pageThe relational scalar has no on-shell/off-shell distinction on . The new content of E2 is that the constraint surface itself is invariant, and the following fact about it.
propositionProposition: Bianchi obstruction to the coupled jetE2: classical identity › The classical identity on the coupled constraint surface · X-E@1#prop:bianchi, X-E@1#eq:bianchi-constraint · proof attached · lines 936–958
Open as its own pageIf , then
where is the free solution at order . For , , and any nonconstant , does not vanish on ; hence for such data.
Proof. Insert , into (eq:noether): the right side vanishes identically in . At order , , , and at is , which kills the last term. What remains is (eq:bianchi-constraint). For , .
remarkRemarkE2: classical identity › The classical identity on the coupled constraint surface · lines 960–973
Open as its own pageEquivalently, at the first order of (eq:metric-euler-expanded) at which the source appears, on ; the divergence of the left side vanishes by the Bianchi identity, that of the right side is . The obstruction lives in , outside ; it is not removed by any choice of . The known resolution switches the entire Lagrangian and recovers gauge invariance only in the algebraic adiabatic limit; it is named and not opened here. The relational observable is untouched: it was never defined by solving the metric equation.
E3: the quadratic operator, its inverse, and the residual algebra
lemmaLemma: Quadratic part, derivedE3: the quadratic operator, its inverse, and the residual algebra › The quadratic part of the Einstein–Hilbert density · X-E@1#lem:quadratic · proof attached · lines 983–1008
Open as its own pageUp to a total derivative,
where is the polarization and the cubic vertex.
Proof. Let for compactly supported (the density statement follows). By (eq:palatini), , so and . The Euler derivative follows from the symmetry of , which is the symmetry of the second variation.
sectionThe quadratic part of the Einstein–Hilbert densityE3: the quadratic operator, its inverse, and the residual algebra › The quadratic part of the Einstein–Hilbert density · X-E@1#diag:sign · lines 1008–1028
Open as its own pageFor , , (eq:G2) gives , so , whose spatial components read , the same sign as . Independently, with the dictionary , Lemma lem:gf below and a static source give , i.e.\ with , : attraction. Both checks fix the sign of Definition def:action; it agrees with the Landau–Lifshitz convention LL and is not copied from it.
definitionDefinitionE3: the quadratic operator, its inverse, and the residual algebra › De Donder gauge fixing and the operator · X-E@1#def:gf · lines 1031–1040
Open as its own page, , , . Note and : the de Donder vector is X-A's coordinate source without the ramp.
lemmaLemma: Gauge-fixed operatorE3: the quadratic operator, its inverse, and the residual algebra › De Donder gauge fixing and the operator · X-E@1#lem:gf, X-E@1#eq:Pgr · proof attached · lines 1042–1078
Open as its own page, and for every smooth symmetric ,
Thus , a diagonal normally hyperbolic operator on symmetric tensors. Its retarded and advanced inverses are
and for past-compact .
Proof. , so . Substitute into (eq:G2): the terms become , and becomes ; halve. For the gauge term, gives , which cancels the two -terms of . Since is constant and invertible, inverses of are times those of .
lemmaLemma: De Donder violation of a retarded responseE3: the quadratic operator, its inverse, and the residual algebra › De Donder gauge fixing and the operator · X-E@1#lem:violation, X-E@1#eq:violation · proof attached · lines 1080–1094
Open as its own pageFor a smooth symmetric source vanishing on ,
In particular is in de Donder gauge iff is conserved.
Proof. , so , and commutes with constant-coefficient derivatives.
propositionProposition: No compactly supported residual gaugeE3: the quadratic operator, its inverse, and the residual algebra › Residual algebra and the action of · X-E@1#prop:residual · proof attached · lines 1098–1119
Open as its own pageFor a vector field , . Hence iff is a Killing field of . If is compactly supported, this forces . Consequently
and the frozen algebra acts on the gauge-fixed free graviton only as a background transformation of , never as a residual symmetry of .
Proof. and commutes with , , and ; so . is invertible, so the kernel condition is . A compactly supported Killing field of Minkowski space vanishes, so with compactly supported, and Cauchy uniqueness gives .
lemmaLemma: De Donder configurations dress only through the layerE3: the quadratic operator, its inverse, and the residual algebra › Residual algebra and the action of · X-E@1#lem:layer · proof attached · lines 1121–1132
Open as its own pageIf , then
a functional of on alone.
Proof. .
sectionResidual algebra and the action ofE3: the quadratic operator, its inverse, and the residual algebra › Residual algebra and the action of · lines 1132–1140
Open as its own pageX-D proved that such layer functionals converge, as , to the homogeneous solution with velocity . That limit is not taken here. It is recorded because it is the place where a sharp limit of a quantum-metric dressing will differ in kind from X-D's smooth scalar tests: it is a trace of on .
sectionThe free graviton algebra, Wick ordering, and what is not an inputE3: the quadratic operator, its inverse, and the residual algebra › The free graviton algebra, Wick ordering, and what is not an input · lines 1143–1165
Open as its own pageThe free gauge-fixed graviton algebra is generated by , a compactly supported smooth symmetric tensor density, linear in , with and commutator times the Peierls bracket of , i.e.\ the pairing with , in the same convention in which X-B's scalar commutator uses the Peierls bracket of . The multiplet Wick algebra of and its microcausal admission are X-B's; the equation ideal is generated by and . Wick ordering of graviton-quadratic monomials uses a fixed Hadamard bidistribution of the form , Hadamard for in . It is indefinite, as is; no positivity is claimed or used.
VII-C's is a bisolution in the opposite signature, attached to a sharp insertion and a different algebra. It is not , not , and not an input. Every quantity computed below is at and uses only.
E4: one tree
sectionField content and the one-tree observableE4: one tree › Field content and the one-tree observable · lines 1170–1187
Open as its own pageThe metric is
with the free gauge-fixed graviton, the free scalar, and classical and off shell. Write . The bare and completed coefficient functionals of X-B/X-C are polynomial in the metric perturbation with distributional coefficients; substituting and Wick ordering gives elements of , admitted at the fixed by X-B's joint admission of the multiplet.
Let be the Wick stress tensor. By (eq:T-divergence), .
definitionDefinition: Retarded metric response and the treeE4: one tree › Field content and the one-tree observable · X-E@1#def:tree, X-E@1#eq:k1, X-E@1#eq:tree, X-E@1#eq:one-tree · lines 1188–1215
Open as its own pageThe first-order retarded response of the metric to the switched scalar source is
so that with retarded support. The tree is the insertion of into the affine slot of Lemma lem:affine:
totally Wick ordered. The one-tree completed observable is
with in and .
sectionField content and the one-tree observableE4: one tree › Field content and the one-tree observable · lines 1215–1224
Open as its own pageis the coefficient of : the retarded Møller map of the metric slot at first order, at , in the same sense in which X-C's is the retarded Møller correction of the scalar slot. The graviton line is the single contraction between and ; no survives in .
sectionKernel and supportE4: one tree › Kernel and support · X-E@1#eq:D1 · lines 1225–1245
Open as its own pageWrite , with
so that .
lemmaLemma: Tree kernel and supportE4: one tree › Kernel and support · X-E@1#lem:kernel · proof attached · lines 1246–1270
Open as its own pagewhere . The -integration runs over the compact set , and
Proof. Insert (eq:k1) into (eq:tree); is symmetric and constant. The -slot carries , the -slot carries ; forces , forces , and forces . is compact in Minkowski space.
lemmaLemma: Microcausal admission of the tree kernelE4: one tree › Admission · X-E@1#lem:admission · proof attached · lines 1274–1321
Open as its own pageis a compactly supported distribution on with
where are the closed future/past covector cones including zero. Hence : it is a totally Wick-ordered cubic in with a microcausal kernel, in the algebra X-B already used.
Proof. The retarded propagator of a normally hyperbolic operator on Minkowski space satisfies DH
where means that is null, nonzero, and is parallel to . In every element, both covectors are nonzero and has one entry in and the other in whenever either is causal. Derivatives and multiplication by smooth functions do not enlarge the wavefront set, so the local part of composed with and the kernel have the same property. For the nonlocal part, is the composition with compact -range by Lemma lem:kernel. Hörmander's composition theorem Hor (Theorem 8.2.14) applies because neither factor has a zero-section component: the exceptional sets and are empty, and
Along such a chain up to the diagonal parts, so and lie in the same half cone when causal, and is never in . Compact support is Lemma lem:kernel. The microcausal condition on the kernel of a Wick monomial is X-B's admission criterion BF.
sectionAdmissionE4: one tree › Admission · lines 1321–1325
Open as its own pageX-D's warning concerned the sharp limit of a mixed kernel. No limit is taken here; the regulator is fixed.
propositionProposition: Classical value and the dressing formulaE4: one tree › Normalization: the classical retarded response · X-E@1#prop:normalization, X-E@1#eq:dressing, X-E@1#eq:classical-tree · proof attached · lines 1328–1363
Open as its own pageReplace by a smooth free solution and by . Then becomes , where is X-A's first-order relational scalar at background , and is the classical retarded response of the metric to the switched stress tensor. Its coordinate part is
and its scalar part is . Hence
Proof. , so and . Lemma lem:violation with and (eq:T-divergence) with give . Then and .
sectionNormalization: the classical retarded responseE4: one tree › Normalization: the classical retarded response · X-E@1#diag:norm · lines 1363–1389
Open as its own pageThe relational dressing of the backreaction is the double retarded integral of the de Donder violation sourced by . It vanishes if and only if the switched source is conserved, that is, if and only if : the same tensor as in Proposition prop:bianchi. The tree therefore measures, at the level of the observable, exactly the quantity whose vanishing the coupled jet would require. The term of (eq:classical-tree) is X-A's scalar correction at the background ; it does not vanish for conserved sources and is the part of the tree that survives when the dressing does not.
(i) If for a smooth source supported in , then by Lemma lem:violation: a conserved source is not dressed. (ii) If , , , then , so the pure-gauge background is not a source of the metric equation at first order, and the classical completed observable is unchanged by X-D's Corollary; does not depend on at all. Both checks are consistent with Proposition prop:normalization; neither replaces it.
sectionNamed and not constructedE4: one tree › Named and not constructed · lines 1391–1423
Open as its own pageTwo further terms live at and are not constructed.
The gravitational self-interaction tree. By Lemma lem:quadratic, . The complete first-order retarded response of the metric is , and the second summand inserted in the affine slot gives
a Wick monomial of degree in . It exists at ; the leg count in earlier planning that excluded it was wrong. It is not constructed because its kernel is a retarded propagator composed with a bilinear differential operator at coincident points, Wick ordered with , and X-B's admission lemmas are two-slot statements. The one-tree observable (eq:one-tree) omits it by declaration.
The mixed loop. Since is bilinear in and is trilinear, a second cross-contraction exists along the scalar line. It is linear in , of order , with kernel , whose extension to is a genuine renormalization problem. In X-B and X-C tree-exactness was a theorem because the insertion was linear in the quantum field. Here it is not. “Tree” in this manuscript means the coefficient by definition.
lemmaLemma: Two facts about the equation idealE4: one tree › The background gauge identity at fixed graviton · X-E@1#lem:ideal · proof attached · lines 1426–1456
Open as its own pageLet be the closed two-sided ideal generated by and .
If is a Wick polynomial in the graviton alone and , then . Consequently a Wick monomial whose kernel lies in , with the scalar in the first slot, belongs to .
Every element of vanishes as a functional on every pair of smooth solutions , . Hence a degree- monomial with for one such pair is not in .
Proof. (i) The cross blocks of the Hadamard matrix vanish, so no contraction joins to , and the -product equals the Wick-ordered product. is a two-sided ideal and closed. (ii) For any , the -product equals the pointwise product , because every term of positive order in pairs a derivative of with ; is a bisolution. Likewise since and . So is the closure of the pointwise ideal generated by functionals vanishing on solutions, and evaluation at a fixed smooth configuration is continuous FR,Rej.
theoremTheorem: Background gauge identity of the one-tree observableE4: one tree › The background gauge identity at fixed graviton · X-E@1#thm:ward, X-E@1#eq:defect · proof attached · lines 1458–1507
Open as its own pageLet , and let the classical backgrounds transform by the complete two-jet law
with and held fixed. Then, modulo and modulo ,
In particular the one-tree observable is invariant through ; the tree contributes nothing to the variation at any order; and the defect is bilinear in , independent of and of .
Proof. depends on only, so it is invariant. Write and . X-C's fixed-regulator identity, in X-D's explicit form, is a polynomial identity in the smooth tensor variables :
, , with all functions inside compactly supported. Substituting for the quantum part of and Wick ordering preserves the identity of kernels, which are polynomial in with distributional coefficients. By Lemma lem:ideal(i) the right sides are in . This gives invariance at , since , and at for the full transform .
The frozen transform has . By Lemma lem:affine, is affine in with slope , so . Wick ordering and (eq:one-tree) give (eq:defect).
lemmaLemma: The defect is a tensor in first derivatives of the gravitonE4: one tree › The background gauge identity at fixed graviton · X-E@1#lem:gamma · proof attached · lines 1509–1538
Open as its own pageWith ,
Proof. For any smooth symmetric and vector field ,
by expanding and comparing with . Since , X-D's representative gives , linearly in . Substituting , the kernel of lies in , and Lemma lem:ideal(i) applies.
sectionThe background gauge identity at fixed gravitonE4: one tree › The background gauge identity at fixed graviton · lines 1538–1545
Open as its own pageThe pure-gauge part of is absorbed by the plateau identity; what remains is the linearized Christoffel symbol of contracted with . This is not a gauge artefact of the de Donder choice: is defined for every configuration, and the statement is modulo the full ideal.
propositionProposition: The defect class is nonzeroE4: one tree › The background gauge identity at fixed graviton · X-E@1#prop:witness, X-E@1#eq:witness · proof attached · lines 1546–1616
Open as its own pageLet . For every nonzero there exist satisfying (eq:separation) with the given such that, for ,
Explicitly, the smooth solutions
give and
Consequently the identity of Theorem thm:ward fails on the frozen field content for every nonempty plateau: shrinking does not remove the defect.
Proof. , so ; . Directly, , since .
Put . On both and equal . Then , , and (eq:density) gives the diagonal , , , . Let , so , , and . X-A's first-order relational scalar is
by the symmetry of and . With , : and . The commutator identities and , valid for with past-compact support because and , give
which is (eq:witness).
Let , smooth, supported in . If vanished on , then would vanish there, hence on , and a compactly supported with is zero. So on an open set . Choose supported in with , then equal to on a neighbourhood of , supported in , and shrink if needed. All of (eq:separation) holds. By Lemma lem:ideal(ii), .
remarkRemarkE4: one tree › The background gauge identity at fixed graviton · lines 1618–1628
Open as its own pageThe defect cannot be cancelled by letting co-transform: is not an automorphism of the free gauge-fixed algebra, since for non-Killing , and is not a solution even when is: by covariance of the Einstein tensor at second order. The cure is a second-order quantum metric transforming by , i.e.\ the BRST jet. That is Branch B and is not opened. The mechanism is the one X-B recorded for the scalar pullback, now in the metric slot.
E5: VII-C audit with a quantum graviton present
sectionE5: VII-C audit with a quantum graviton presentE5: VII-C audit with a quantum graviton present · lines 1632–1638
Open as its own pageX-D copied VII-C's Assumption (E1)–(E4) and found no graviton block on that sheet. This sheet has one. The audit must therefore be redone rather than inherited.
sectionVII-C's hypotheses, copiedE5: VII-C audit with a quantum graviton present › VII-C's hypotheses, copied · lines 1639–1650
Open as its own pageIn VII-C's signature , , . Its insertion is , , sharp and zero-Cauchy. Its Wick matrix has , , , zero cross blocks.
assumptionAssumption: VII-C's Normal-topology Wick extension, copiedE5: VII-C audit with a quantum graviton present › VII-C's hypotheses, copied · X-E@1#ass:VII · lines 1651–1669
Open as its own pageA proposed extension is a Hausdorff locally convex -algebra such that:
embeds into , with the fixed Wick product.
admits the sharp insertions with on all smooth configurations.
On the degree- kernel stages, admission is sequentially continuous for the normal topology and agrees with the old inclusion on regular kernels; in particular in .
Multiplication is hypocontinuous for bounded sets, and the field-independent coefficient map is continuous and agrees with the usual extraction on the old domain.
sectionMatch tableE5: VII-C audit with a quantum graviton present › Match table · lines 1671–1720
Open as its own page{}1.14
Item VII-C requires X-E constructs (E1) The de Donder multiplet with as the fixed Wick matrix A free gauge-fixed graviton with Hadamard form in the opposite signature, used only to define Wick ordering of graviton-quadratic bare terms. and agree under the dictionary; and are not identified, and no computed quantity uses either. (E2) Admission of the sharp zero-Cauchy insertion The ramp insertion at fixed . Its kernel is of (eq:D1), smooth-coefficient and admitted by X-B. The sharp limit is not taken; X-D's limit concerns classical backgrounds only. (E3) Normal-topology convergence of mollified sharp kernels No approximating family. The regulator is fixed. (E4) Hypocontinuous product and extraction of the fully contracted coefficient of One -contraction along one graviton line, at , between and . The vertex is linear in the graviton; it is not . The graviton-quadratic terms are Wick ordered, not -multiplied, and no coefficient is computed. VII-C's theorem excludes the named extension with the stated admission and product requirements. The one-tree algebra of this manuscript is a smaller object: fixed regulator, , one line, no . VII-C therefore does not apply and is not contradicted. Its reflected light-ray residue is not subtracted because no loop coefficient is formed; the mixed loop of Section sec:named is the first place such a coefficient would appear, and it is not constructed.
Diagnostics
sectionDiagnosticsDiagnostics · X-E@1#diag:sourced, X-E@1#diag:puregauge · lines 1722–1767
Open as its own pageLet , , and near a causal cylinder containing the dependence region of let , with the usual spatial cutoffs outside it. Then , , and (eq:k1) gives
Hence , , , and , in agreement with (eq:dressing). The scalar part is , so
This agrees with (eq:classical-tree) and is nonnegative for . It vanishes if on , consistent with the fact that for the first-order relational scalar is identically zero on plateau-supported backgrounds: is itself a harmonic coordinate. The witness of Proposition prop:witness therefore uses , not .
Let , , , . The classical completed observable equals its value at modulo by X-D's Corollary. With present and fixed, Theorem thm:ward gives the additional term , which by Lemma lem:gamma is modulo , and by Proposition prop:witness is nonzero for suitable inputs. The two-jet check of X-D passes; the quantum-metric check at does not. That is the order boundary.
Decision and final release
sectionDecision and final releaseDecision and final release · lines 1769–1818
Open as its own page{}1.12
Gate Evidence Status E1 action Einstein–Hilbert, sign by TT positivity and Newtonian attraction; Palatini first variation derived Frozen E1 equation (eq:metric-euler-expanded); Noether identity (eq:noether) with switch defect Proved E2 invariance Total Lagrangian exactly -invariant; Euler operators covariant; classical identity through Proved E2 jet Bianchi identity forces Coupled jet generically empty; observable unaffected E3 operator , , Constructed E3 residual Compactly supported de Donder residuals vanish acts on backgrounds only E4 tree Kernel, support in , microcausal admission, classical normalization Constructed at E4 identity Invariant through ; defect displayed and nonzero Order boundary at E5 (E1)–(E4) copied; one line, no , no Inapplicable, not contradicted Named Self-interaction tree; mixed loop; second-order quantum metric; ghosts; Not constructed theoremTheorem: Fixed-regulator X-E releaseDecision and final release · X-E@1#thm:release · proof attached · lines 1819–1870
Open as its own pageFor the frozen sheet of Section sec:frozen:
The gravitational action has metric Euler operator (eq:metric-euler), expanded in (eq:metric-euler-expanded), and the total action satisfies the Noether identity (eq:noether), whose only off-plateau terms are the switch defects. On the plateau algebra the total Lagrangian is exactly invariant, the Euler operators are covariant, and the classical completed observable is invariant through . The coupled constraint surface is -invariant and generically empty, by (eq:bianchi-constraint).
The de Donder gauge-fixed quadratic operator is with retarded inverse . Its residual algebra meets only in zero. A de Donder configuration dresses the relational scalar only through the ramp layer.
The tree of Definition def:tree is a totally Wick-ordered cubic in the scalar with microcausal kernel supported in , an element of the fixed-regulator multiplet algebra of X-B. Its classical value is X-A's first-order relational scalar at the retarded backreaction , whose coordinate dressing is .
The one-tree observable is invariant under the frozen algebra, acting on classical backgrounds with the graviton fixed, through . At its variation is modulo the equation ideal, and this class is nonzero for suitable fixed inputs on every nonempty plateau.
VII-C does not apply and is not contradicted. The self-interaction tree, the mixed loop, a second-order quantum metric, ghosts, gauge-parameter dependence, and the sharp limit are named and not constructed.
Proof. (i) is Lemma lem:palatini, Definition def:metric-euler, Propositions prop:noether, prop:covariance, prop:bianchi, and Theorem thm:classical. (ii) is Lemmas lem:quadratic, lem:gf, lem:layer and Proposition prop:residual. (iii) is Lemmas lem:kernel, lem:admission and Proposition prop:normalization. (iv) is Theorem thm:ward, Lemma lem:gamma, and Proposition prop:witness. Section sec:E5 audits VII-C; Section sec:named names the omitted terms.
sectionDecision and final releaseDecision and final release · lines 1870–1879
Open as its own pageThe theorem concerns a fixed regulator, fixed supports separated from , and fixed classical backgrounds. It supplies no statement about for any kernel containing , no statement about a state, and no statement about the complete observable, which also contains the self-interaction tree.
Declarations
sectionDeclarationsDeclarations · lines 1880–1916
Open as its own page. Coordinates, density coefficients, the two-jet gauge law, and the first-order relational scalar are from
X-A.tex. The multiplet Wick algebra, joint admission, and the pullback non-automorphism are fromX-B-v3.tex. The completed tests, recursion, and fixed-regulator identity are fromX-C-v3.tex. The separation sheet, the layer lemma, and the explicit equation-ideal representatives are fromX-D-v3.tex.VII-C.texis used only for the copied assumption.proof. The Palatini variation and its expansion; the Noether identity with switch defect; exact plateau invariance of the total Lagrangian and covariance of the metric Euler operator; the Bianchi obstruction; the gauge-fixed operator, its inverse, and the residual algebra; the affine-slot lemma; the tree kernel, its support, admission, and classical normalization; the background identity through ; the explicit defect, its reduction to the linearized Christoffel symbol, and the nonvanishing witness.
. Listed in the header. The two that change the sheet: the quadratic action alone cannot carry E2, so Einstein–Hilbert is frozen; and the self-interaction tree exists at , so “one tree” is a declaration, not a completeness statement.
status. No successful
pdflatexexecution, proof-assistant check, numerical verification, or independent referee review is claimed. The source requires no external figures, bibliography database, or executable code.bibliographyReferencesDeclarations · lines 1917–1995
Open as its own pageXA
N. Cheung. {Landmark X-A: Classical covariance of one fixed-regulator switched relational scalar through order }. Supplied manuscript
X-A.tex.XB
N. Cheung. Landmark X-B: Fixed-regulator admission and one retarded correction for the ramp relational scalar, with the metric kept classical. Supplied manuscript
X-B-v3.tex.XC
N. Cheung. Landmark X-C: The missing second-order retarded maps for the ramp relational scalar, with the metric kept classical. Supplied manuscript
X-C-v3.tex.XD
N. Cheung. Landmark X-D: Convergence of the completed ramp relational scalar as the regulator width tends to zero. Supplied manuscript
X-D-v3.tex.VIIC
Landmark VII-C: A mixed-Wick obstruction to a normal-topology boundary extension for sharp Cauchy harmonic insertions. Supplied manuscript
VII-C.tex. Used for the copied assumption only.BGP
C. Bär, N. Ginoux, and F. Pfäffle. Wave Equations on Lorentzian Manifolds and Quantization. ESI Lectures in Mathematics and Physics. European Mathematical Society, 2007. arXiv:0806.1036.
BF
R. Brunetti and K. Fredenhagen. Microlocal analysis and interacting quantum field theories: renormalization on physical backgrounds. Comm.\ Math.\ Phys. 208 (2000), 623–661.
DH
J. J. Duistermaat and L. Hörmander. Fourier integral operators II. Acta Math. 128 (1972), 183–269.
FR
K. Fredenhagen and K. Rejzner. Batalin–Vilkovisky formalism in the functional approach to classical field theory. Comm.\ Math.\ Phys. 314 (2012), 93–127.
Hor
L. Hörmander. The Analysis of Linear Partial Differential Operators I, 2nd ed. Springer, 1990. Theorem 8.2.14 (composition of distribution kernels).
LL
L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz. The Classical Theory of Fields, 4th ed. Pergamon, 1975. Signature , ; cited for agreement, not as the source of the sign.
Rej
K. Rejzner. Perturbative Algebraic Quantum Field Theory. Mathematical Physics Studies. Springer, 2016.